Novel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods and applications have been continuously developed and explored, with several advanced sequences now integrated into vendor-provided products. The unique ability of MRS to noninvasively assess metabolism in disease and treatment response is increasingly recognized. Despite this potential, MRS remains considered as a technique requiring specialized expertise and its routine clinical use is still limited. The goal of this session is to help bridge the gap between scientific and clinical applications of MRS, emphasizing scenarios in which MRS provides uniquely valuable diagnostic and therapeutic information at widely available field strengths (≤3T). The program will feature five 18-minute presentations highlighting some of these promising clinical applications, followed by a panel discussion. For the audience to understand both the unique value of MRS and the remaining challenges faced in its broader clinical implementation, every speaker will address the following key points: 1) The specific medical question solved by MRS (and not other MR modalities); 2) The methodological advancements that have facilitated the use of MRS and its application in clinical management; 3) The remaining challenges that still limit its widespread adoption. Dr. Branzoli, one of the lead researchers focused on development of new approaches for in vivo diagnosis and follow-up of gliomas, will describe the role of MRS in identifying genotypic and molecular alterations in brain tumors essential for their characterization and disease management. Dr. Krššák, a leader of the recent consensus efforts in non-brain MRS, will focus on the measurement of intramyocellular lipids, muscle acetylcarnitine/carnosine for the assessment of glucose metabolism and muscle typology. Dr. Wisnowski, an expert pediatric researcher focused on early brain development and the clinical translation of neuroprotective therapies, will discuss a critical role of MRS in diagnosis of perinatal brain injury and metabolic disease in children. Dr. Heerschap, world expert in MRS methodology and applications for prostate cancer, will demonstrate how the metabolic information provided by MRS can be used for localization, and aggressiveness characterization of prostate cancer. Finally, as HIV continues to be a major concern in Africa, with Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for approximately two-thirds HIV population, Dr. Frances Robertson will talk about the role of MRS in monitoring clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in adults and infants born with HIV. The session will conclude with a 30-minute panel discussion involving the speakers and three moderators: Dr. Lin, Dr. Öz, and Dr. Oeltzschner, international MRS experts. This discussion will encourage audience interaction through online polls and open Q&A, leveraging the moderators' extensive knowledge of the current successes and challenges in translating MRS to clinical use.