This talk explores equity and inequity in neuroscience research collaborations between researchers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). It highlights common challenges faced by LMIC partners, including power imbalances in agenda setting, limited access to funding and infrastructure, inequities in authorship and recognition, and barriers to capacity development. The presentation also examines how structural and historical factors shape these disparities. Finally, it proposes practical strategies to foster more equitable partnerships, including fair governance models, transparent authorship practices, investment in local capacity, and the co-creation of research priorities that are contextually relevant and mutually beneficial.