Impact: Multimodal latent constructs offer robust, system-level indices of brain health that have greater sensitivity to cognitive impairment than individual biomarkers. This validated framework provides a generalisable approach to capture complementary domains of brain health across aging and cognitive syndromes.

Impact: The ability to subtype sporadic frontotemporal dementia using longitudinal MRI patterns that recapitulate familial, genotype-specific trajectories could enable in-vivo inference of underlying molecular pathology. Combined with clinical profiles, such neuroimaging-based stratification may improve diagnostic accuracy and guide pathology-targeted therapeutic approaches.

Impact: WMH regression may preserve processing speed and brain integrity, indicating potential reversibility of microvascular injury. This highlights WMH regression as a promising intervention target for healthy brain aging and warrants future research into its modifiable determinants and biological mechanisms.

Impact: This study challenges the idea that "dirty-appearing" white matter (DAWM), a potential imaging marker for early cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), is subsequently associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk in older adults. DAWM may instead reflect early, subclinical pathology.

Impact: UHF-MRI enables precise delineation of small-vessel geometry, highlighting curvature as a sensitive and mechanistically relevant structural biomarker for disease progression and cognitive decline in CSVD.

Impact: The analysis method can offer a way to use black blood imaging as a biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease. Our custom deep learning pipeline yields a robust model that will be made available to the community.

Impact: Although FDG-PET remains superior, ASL offers a practical, widely available, and non-invasive alternative providing complementary functional information. Its integration into clinical practice could broaden access to functional imaging, particularly where PET is unavailable, and support earlier diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Impact: This study, the first to apply rTMS in ESRD-MCI, provides mechanistic evidence that neuromodulation restores network-level communication and improves cognition. The findings highlight rTMS as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate neurovascular-related cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease.

Impact: MISL MRI provides a cost-effective, noninvasive, radiation-free assessment of tissue–CSF water exchange that differentiates MCI/dementia from CN and aligns with amyloid PET. It offers a novel approach for investigating glymphatic systems and holds promise for clinical use in neurodegenerative diseases.

Impact: This study demonstrates the feasibility of visualizing cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in humans using intrathecal ¹⁷O-labeled water and proton MRI, providing a novel approach for assessing neurofluid circulation abnormalities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and dementia.